King Edward VIII reign is over

The Abdication of King Edward became complete today with the accession of his brother Albert to the throne. Prince Albert will now be styled as King George VI.

The King's coronation will follow at another date as is tradition.

Prince Edward addressed the British people via the BBC radio broadcast. In the address, he said "I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as king as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love".

It is believed that Prince Edward will travel to France where Mrs. Wallis Simpson is already after the reaction she received in Great Britain.

King Edward VIII chooses Abdication

Edward VIII gave up the British throne for the love of woman. After considering his options, the King was forced to choose abdication and giving the throne to his brother Prince Albert, the Duke of York.

It is possibly the biggest constitutional crisis to face the British Empire in the modern era.

He signed the instruments of abdication yesterday in front of his three surviving brothers: the aforementioned Prince Albert, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Prince George, Duke of Kent. The fourth and youngest of the Princes was John who died in 1919.

From this he has one last act to complete before his reign is over and he is allowed to follow his heart.

Though the commonwealth nations of British Empire rejected his request to marry the American divorcée Mrs. Wallis Simpson in the event her divorce is finalized, it has managed to grab the attention of romantics worldwide. Many in the United States have voiced opposition to the need for King Edward to step down.

King Edward VIII is expected to address the British people at some point on December 11th (later today).

Royal Crisis brewing in Great Britain

The King of Great Britain is in love with a married commoner. Bessie Wallis Simpson is a socialite from the United States. She has long been an acquaintance to the King. Mrs. Wallis Simpson is in the process of divorcing her second husband, Ernest Aldrich Simpson.

King Edward VIII informed Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin of his intention to marry a commoner on the evening of November 16. The Prime Minister informed the King that his subjects would not accept a marriage with a commoner on moral grounds. The Church of England does not allow for divorced persons to remarry. An American divorcée was even worse in public opinion.

The King also offered a Morganatic Marriage which would allow him to marry her without any inheritance of title to herself or any resulting issue the marriage might produce. This was rejected as well.

There is a particular law that also requires more than just the home government's acquiescence. The Statute of Westminster of 1931 states that "any alteration in the law touching the Succession to the Throne or the Royal Style and Titles shall hereafter require the assent as well of the Parliaments of all the Dominions as of the Parliament of the united Kingdom."

Many of the commonwealths of the British Empire have rejected the possibility of the King marrying Mrs. Wallis Simpson. These include South Africa, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Only Ireland has been indifferent.

Mrs. Wallis Simpson has fled for the South of France to avoid the negative attention since the public became aware of the affair and the King's intention to marry her upon finalization of her divorce.

Japan & Germany sign Anti-Comintern Pact

Yestersay, Japan and German diplomats have signed a pact against the Communism International. The treaty stipulates that should either nation become belligerents in a conflict with the Soviet Union, they will consult the other for which measures they should employ. It does not necessitate that the other nation needs to come to the other nation's aid.

With Japan's increasing activity in China, Germany felt a need to establish some parameters with Japan. This treaty also seems to cut any support Germany might have given China in continuing military movements on mainland Asia. The pact is interesting considering Germany's historic alliance with China.

The Pact was to be originally introduced in late November 1935 with invitations for Britain, Italy, China and Poland to join. However, concerns by the German Foreign Minister Baron Konstantin von Neurath and War Minister Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg that the pact might damage Chinese-German relations plus political disarray in Tokyo following the failed military coup of February 26, 1936 led to the Pact's being shelved for a year.

It was signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hitler's Foreign Affairs Advisor and Ambassador Viscount Kintomo Mushakoji of Japan.

Roosevelt wins by Landslide!

Franklin Delano Roosevelt won his second term as President of the United States of America last night. A close race was predicted by many in the press and experts but Roosevelt went won the greatest electoral landslide since the beginning of the current two-party system in the 1850s. George Gallup, who conducted a poll, predicted that Roosevelt would win re-election.

Conversely, Literary Digest, was not correct. Recently, the magazine released its prediction. They believed Landon, the Republican Candidate would win with 370 electoral votes. They based this on the responses of 2 million readers of their magazine. Until this ellection, Literary Digest has been accurate for 5 elections in a row.

He carried all but 8 electoral votes. Roosevelt carried every state except Maine and Vermont. By winning 523 electoral votes, Roosevelt received 98.49% of the electoral vote, the highest percentage since 1820.

Here's a breakdown of the votes:

Presidential candidate	Party	Popular vote		Electoral vote
		Count	Pct
Franklin D. Roosevelt	Democratic	27,752,648	60.80%	523
Alfred Mossman Landon	Republican	16,681,862	36.50%	8
William Lemke	Union	892,378	2.00%	0
Norman Thomas	Socialist	187,910	0.40%	0
Earl Browder	Communist	79,315	0.20%	0

The country broke down this way with much of the Republican vote coming from the Northeast.



In accordance with the 20th Amendment, Roosevelt's second term will begin January 20th of next year with his inauguration.

Governor Landon has indicated that he will return to Kansas and complete his Gubernatorial term.

German-Italian Treaty

German and Italian Government officials have signed a treaty of friendship between the two European states. Mussolini's fascist Government has waged an Abyssinian campaign in Northern Africa. This has been met with opposition from the League of Nations. In an effort to help Italy, Germany has pledged friendship in a treaty signed October 25th.

Berlin Olympics come to a Close

These Olympics have been notable not only in themselves but for the effect they have had upon all who have participated in them and watched them.

These have been the biggest athletic games ever staged, the best organized, the most largely attended, the most picturesque and most productive of new and startling records.

However, that is not only all true, but it is the picture constantly impressed on one's mind as one moves from one stirring score to another, always amid a good-humored, happy crowd, always under a forest of bright-colored flags, never lost of jostled with plenteous space around and courteous guides at hand.

That is the picture foreign visitors will take home, to the undoubted improvement of world relations and general amiability. This may be only a temporary truce in the world's quarrels, a pleasant interlude in the long procession of diplomatic disagreeableness, but even at the reaction cannot help but be good and lasting.

Take the effect on the German hosts themselves. One has noted everywhere not only pride in German athletic accomplishment - which has been really notable - and the utmost satisfaction in the great achievement of staging the show itself, but equal pride in the unstinted foreign praise given that achievement.

It is quite certain that the foreign reaction was awaited here with a ceratin measure of trepidation. There is manifest anxiety for once to win foreign praise. It has been forthcoming from every quarter and the anxious hosts are happy over the fact - happy and amiable beyond reckoning. They know now they have made an excellent impression upon upon their cosmopolitan visitors. They are back in the fold of nations who have "arrived".

Going a little deeper it is perhaps true also that this contact with many nationalities and races has made the Germans more human again after four long years of a régime which, while it strengthened, tended also to harden its votaries. It might even be said that this experience has deflated the German ego a bit. They have seen here for themselves that all races are good, some in certain respects perhaps even slightly superior to the Teutonic.

These Olympics will be remembered for the amazing feats of Jesse Owens of Ohio. His friendship with German athlete Lutz Long and competitor is a model for other athletes to emulate in the future.

The Olympics used a new technology, television to mixed results. It can be very difficult to discern images at time. It is a technology that much improvement can be made upon.

Lima Mobs beseige German Consulate

The news announcing that Peru's 4-2 victory in soccer over Austria was ruled out by the International Football Federation in Berlin caused indignant crowds to assemble here as well as in Port Callao today to protest the decision.

As soon as the report was received, crowds running in the thousands congregated at the principal newspaper offices to await further information. The local Olympic Committee immediately took up the matter with the President of the Republic, Oscar Benavides, who instructed the committee to withdraw its delegation from the Olympic Games.

Then a shouting crowd started a march to the palace, the thousands in line clogging traffic and pausing en route to tear down the Olympic flag which was flying from the business house, the German manager of which is the Austrian consul here. The arrival of police prevented further damage.

Booing, whistling, yelling and shouting, the demonstrators reached the main square, the Plaza de Armas, where they were joined by others from the Newspaper offices. When they arrived in front of the palace, they urged the President to appear.

Accompanied by Ministers of State and military aides, President Benavides appeared and listened to the speeches. In reply, he said: "I have received cables from the Argentine, Chile, Uraguay and Mexico solidifying the Peruvian attitude against the crafty Berlin decision".

The President further recommended that the demonstrators bind themselves clamly not to imitate the unsportsmanlike Berlin decision. The President of the local games committee read the cables sent and received to the crowd, including cables from the Austrian consul and the local Nazi representative in which reconsideration of the International Federation's decision was asked.

Singing the National Anthem, the crowd continued its demonstration along the main street, where it gained further supporters. With the Chilean, Argentine, Uraguayan and Ecuadorian flags accompanying that of Peru, the crowd surged toward the Plaze San Martin, were it was addressed by various speakers.

Reforming its ranks the crowd later marched to the German consulate where is stoned windows in protest. Police arriving in trucks peacefully managed to get the crowd to disperse.

Stevedores did not work for two hours on the two vessels at Callao, the German Ammon and the Norwegian Remulus, as an act of protest, while various hundreds paraded in the streets there protesting and voicing their indignation. The Police meanwhile guarded the German Consulate.

The Afternoon papers bitterly attacked the federation's decision in the editorials. One said :"It lacks basis as a reason, the Austrians' only pretext was to eliminate the team which had a good chance to win and thereby see its national flag wave from the scene of operations."

The whole press praises the gesture of the Latin American delegations in meeting in Berlin to support the Peruvians. All is quiet here now.

Differences in Demeanor

Never has Berlin seen so many polyglot visitors. Every hotel is crowded beyond normal capacity and all its best known restaurants spend most of the dinner hour turning them away because there are no more seats.

Conversation in Adlon Hall at Tea Hour is reminiscent of Babel, with English running German hard as the predominant tongue and the Polish, Czech and Scandinavian Languages drowning out the customary Continental French.

English beyond doubt if the Latin of the modern world. In the press box at the Olympic Stadium and at most of the information offices more English is spoken than German. Yet in comparison with the crowds of Scandinavians, who make up the largest part of the foreign contingent, relatively few Englishmen or American are here. The Scandinavians, however, seem to get along better in English than anything else.

Scandinavians in the stands have adopted American cheering tactics and shout "Rah! Rah! Rah!" in unison.

Anybody interested in his fellowmen has been able to get a kick out of noting the difference of these foreign visitors. There is a good deal of truth in a familiar story which purports to classify national characteristics under such circumstances.

The Frenchman enters a hotel looking around with a general air indicating he would like to own it.

The German walks in looking as though some day he expects to own it.

The Englishman strolls in as though he does indeed own it.

The American goes in with the general air which seems to say he doesn't give a damn who owns it.

The Marathon and Women's Relay

Even the sun came out today for the climax of the 1936 Olympics today. Under a cloudless sky Summer sky, a record crowd gathered for the marathon, the most widely advertised Olympic event, and the relays - always full of uncertainty and thrills. To come down to it, the marathon was rather a disappointment from the spectators' seats simply because it could not be seen.

Only the grand finale, the reappearance of the first weary runner, is perhaps worth the price of a ticket. The first runner was not even weary. Kitei Son of Japan came jogging into the stadium as fresh as a daisy.

In the midst of all the gaiety, black despair settled on the generally vociferous German crowd. The German women's relay team, the pride of the Fatherland, established a new world record for the 400-meter race yesterday, had been running again today in top form. The jubilant crowd sure of another gold medal and in high holday mood, was thrown down from its emotional pinnacle which it could not recover for the remainder of the afternoon.

A fast runner dropped the baton as it was being passed and the Germans had to drop out of the race. The Führer who was watching in his customary box, slapped his thigh in frustration. The girls proved they were after all, genuine women and not just feminine athletes by having hysterics on the field. With tears rolling down their cheeks there were taken up to Hitler's box, where he consoled them as best he could, assuring them he knew they would have won.

Apart from the question of whether they would have won, which can be disputed, they had the crowd with them. A bond of human sympathy with the four young people who had experienced the most atrocious bad luck united the more than 100,000 in attendance.

Norway beat Germany 2-0

Gloom pervaded the German morning papers today over the event in the Post Stadium yesterday where in the presence of Chancellor Hitler, Germany's Soccer team lost to Norway, 2-0.

"How could this happen?" the sports press cries bewildered. Germany's hopes actually centered on winning the gold medal in this event. With the crack Uraguayan team out the competition, they figured themselves the Olympics' best. Norway, on the other hand, was figured as a minor contender.

So sure was Germany of victory that Hitler for the first time failed to appear in the Olympic Stadium. All German victor until now have told the German press in interviews that they thing only of the Führer when competing and outdo themselves when he's there to watch.

Jews allowed to fly German Flag

Not since the Nuremburg Laws were passed last September have Jews been allowed to fly the German flag.. However, these Olympics have given them the opportunity to display banners of some kind over their houses and businesses.

The prohibition still holds but there is nothing to stop them from flying the German flag. They are glad to do so rather than draw attention to their shops and homes by leaving them bare in the streets otherwise plenteously adorned with bunting. One department store in the west end carried whole rows of the Olympic banners. Some others have added symposiums of flags of the Olympic nations all except the swastika - without objection.

The practice has the advantage, from the German viewpoint, of saving foreign guests the of puzzling over empty flagpoles until they divine the real reason and thereby reminded of the German official race prejudice.

Racism at the Games

The victories of the Negroes of the American Olympic team are the sensation of Europe. how thoroughly the Olympic spirit has spread here is seen in the fact that to date only the Nazi newspaper Angriff has spoken of them dispairingly, and only in the government box has there been other presumptive evidence of racial feeling.

of course, carious countries react in various ways. The French are loudly enthusiastic about the Negroes' accomplishments. The English, guided perhaps by imperial considerations, are somewhat cool and inclined to depreciate their presence. The South Africans openly deprecate it.

On the other hand, the German team is ostensibly friendly. Something like a Damon and Pythias friendship has sprung up between Lutz Long, German star and Jesse Owens, outstanding member of the American team.
What may be called the social success of the American Negroes largely is due to the their own tact. They are perfectly aware threre is a race prejudice in the air and they carefully avoid places where they might not be welcome.

It should be added, however, that since his defeat by John Woodruff, Mario Lanzi, sensational Italian middle distance runner, has introduced some racial feeling in the Italian team. Lanzi's final spurt in the 800-meter race two days ago was spoiled because the two Negro leaders, Phil Edwards of Canada and Woodruff, refused to yield him the inside lane. The Italian seems to be possessed by the idea he had a right to this lane, although there is nothing in the rules entitling him to it.

Enthusiasm for the Negro contingent centers mainly around Owens. None of the others enjoys anything approaching his popularity. The German press calls Owens the super-athlete of these Games. Long has expressed the view that with more training Owens could jump 7.5 meters easily.

In private conversation the Germans tell each other that the Negro race is extraordinarily adept at running because of a certain peculiar conformation of their bones. They do, however, have the good sense to scoff at English reports that American runners have undergone certain operations on their legs to increase their speed

Salvation Army in Berlin

The Salvation Army is not missing the opportunity to put on a campaign in Berlin. They are making a drive for funds from charitable Germans and foreign guests alike.

The Olympics are international and so is the Salvation Army. Germany is at least internationally minded until August 16th.

Eleanor Holm Jarrett isn't competing in Berlin?

Eleanor Holm Jarrett went for a sight-seeing stroll with a friend, met onetime Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst at Netherlands Palace. Swimmer Jarrett reported that the onetime Crown Prince had sent her flowers. In New York, her husband, Crooner Art Jarrett, suddenly took ship for Germany.

The American Public and many sports fans worldwide would expect Mrs. Jarrett to be in the Swimming Pool competing in the backstroke. She was suspended from the American team for setting a bad example in getting intoxicated while on the transatlantic voyage to Europe.

Mrs. Jarrett has said of her suspension, which came as a surprise to the Champion of the 1932 Los Angeles Games, this:

This chaperone came up to me and told me it was time to go to bed. God, it was about 9 o'clock, and who wanted to go down in that basement to sleep anyway? So I said to her: `Oh, is it really bedtime? Did you make the Olympic team or did I?' I had had a few glasses of Champagne. So she went to Brundage and complained that I was setting a bad example for the team, and they got together and told me the next morning that I was fired. I was heartbroken.

Avery Brundage, the Team Leader, has not commented on this. Holm's Olympic teammates petitioned unsuccessfully to overturn the suspension.

Owens wins third medal

By winning the 200-meter dash, Jesse Owens became the fourth American to capture three or more championships in on Olympic event.

He joined the heroic company of Alvin Kraenzlein, who won four events in 1900; Ray Ewry, who swept three standing jumps twice: 1900 & 1904.; and Archie Hahn, triple sprint winner in 1904.

Chancellor Hitler was driven from his box by a heavy downpour of rain that occurred just after Owens flashed across the finish line for his third triumph and wasn't among the thousands of die-hards who remained and thundered acclaim when he stepped up for the third time to be crowned with a laurel wreath and given his third gold medal and oak tree, which will be planted on Ohio State's Campus.

Stephens wins Women's 100-meter dash

Miss Helen Stephens, after winning the 100-meter race for women yesterday, was received by Chancellor Hitler and congratulated on her success. Then she went back to the women discus throwers to her turn for the United States.

Miss Stephens had been in the discus competition before the start of the 100 meters. She just dropped out for a few minutes to win the gold medal in time just 1/10 of a second behind her world record established the day before.

Military Guard adds to Olympic pageantry

There are three companies of the military guards marching around the Berlin streets daily during the Olympics. Normally, only Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, as War Minister, rates a guard company for his military. It stages a parade with bands daily when the guards change.

But the procession down Unter den Linden has proved such an attraction to the crowd that two more guard changes now are put on for the satisfaction of the Olympic visitors.

The second of the three companies is a guard for the headquarters of the Berlin command which is at the foor of the Unter den Linden opposite the old imperial palace. The third id Colonel-General Hermann Göring's own gray-coated company for the Air Ministry, called the Luftwaffe here.

To see not only little boys but their daddies, rotund, solid burghers, all marching alongside the soldiers is to gain a little understanding of the Third Reich.

Berlin Weather changes for the gloomy

Luck in the matter of the weather, which has been all on the side of the Nazis since they obtained power in Germany, seems to have failed them in these Olympics. Until now it has almost assured that for any big German fete day the weather would be ideal.

Only once in the last three years did the weather fail them. That was the memorable May Day last year when the snow flurries and a biting wind spoiled for more than a million persons at Tempelhof the effect of Hitler's speech. The labor demonstration by the masses on May Day was not so much emphasized this year.

But that was an exception. All the other big Nazi shows have had blue skies in the their favor until these Olympics, upon the success of which the régime sets so much store. Ever since they begain it has rained in Berlin daily after the fashion of April transposed to August.

Yet, even after that, the weather gods seem to have tried to be as kind as possible. Today, while it was raining heavily in the city so that hundreds were discouraged from going to the games, hardly a drop fell on the stadium before the games closed. in fact, wet weather has not greatly hampered the tests themselves.

Since the games began it has begun to rain with clocklike regularity a few minutes after 6 PM when the last major event was just over. It also rains regularly during the noon recess from 12 to 3.

The attendance keeps up just the same. On the first day of the games, 86 special trains arrived in Berlin with 52,000 passengers and 95,000 more passengers came on regular trains. The second day53 special trains brought 27,000 passengers and the regular trains, 91,000. Figures for later days are unavailable at this time, but it is quite certain the influx is keeping up, if it is not necessarily increasing.

Television

Television halls accommodating 3,000 have been opened throughout Berlin where one may view the Olympic Games. Unfortunately, the results are very close to zero.

You cannot see Olympics by television yet. All that you can are some men dressed like athletes but only faintly distinguishable, like humans floating in a milk bath. Only the polo games show up fairly clearly when black or chestnut ponies are used. All white objects are divined, rather than seen, as vague blurs in a milky mess.

There are three television "guns" on the Olympic Field and two television vans covering events outside the stadium. Witleben station sends the pictures by the two transmitters to eighteen separate halls and rooms. The largest holds 300 spectators, but television is not yet sufficiently developed to handle successfully such a difficult project as covering the Olympics.

Athletes who stay in the Olympic Village because the y have competitions scheduled for the following day get a chance - for what it's worth - to see the games via television, for a special theatre has been set up for them in Hindenburg Assembly Hall.

Radio is till the most reliable transmitter of Olympic results. Twenty transmitting vans are put at the disposal of the foreign media along with 300 microphones. Radio broadcasts at the Olympics are given in 28 different languages.

Control & language at the Games

The Olympic Organization Committee has announced that the results of the games cannot continue to be broadcast in three languages because it would take so much time that the broadcasters would be going all the time and spoil the show.

On the whole this is rather lucky. It was tried yesterday in the stadium, but the Americans found they understood German better than the variety of English used by the announcer.

The real control of the games is in the hands of the so-called International Olympic Committee. This body is composed of five noblemen and only two commoners. European aristocracy always has had a stranglehold on the Olympics as they were founded by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The five all-powerful aristocrats here today are Count Henri de Baillet-Latour of Belgium, Baron Godefrey de Bloney of Switzerland, the Marquis de Polignac of France, Lord Aberdare of England and Count Bonaccosa of Italy.

The list of seventy-one members of the International Committee as a whole is rich with the names of titled sportsmen form all nations are preceded by Excellence or General.

Owens wins Broad Jump

The Broad Jump had been one of the events of Owens' three in this eleventh Olympics that he had been most certain of winning. Lutz Long, so unheralded in German sporting circles for he is neither a soldier nor a policeman, tied Owens at 7.87 meters with his two leaps remaining. He forced Owens to catapult out near his own new world record of 26' 8 ½" in order to emerge victorious at all yesterday.

So delighted was Chancellor Hitler by the gallant fight that Long had made that he congratulated him privately just before he himself left the stadium. In fact, his eagerness to receive the youthful German was so great that the Führer condescended to wait until his emissaries had pried Long loose from Owens, with whom he was affectionately walking along the track arm and arm in what could be called friendship. All Owens received was his gold medal which probably satisfied him just fine.

The broad jump was one of the most dramatic events of the entire day, surprising as that may sound. It started with the unusual flourish and ended the same way. In the morning the leapers had to beat 23' 5" to qualify.

Owens strolled over to the runway and, still in his pullovers, raced to the pit and tan right through, a customary warm-up gesture. But the red flag was raised greatly to the Buckeye Bullet's astonishment. That counted as one of three jumps. On his second try, which he made in earnest, Jesse hit the take-off board cleanly and sailed through the air. Again the red flag was waved for some mysterious reason.

The situation was getting to be alarming by this time. Owens had only one more jump left to stay in the competition. So, on his last attempt, he sprinted carefully, left the ground with a half foot clearance at the take-off and went past 25' safely.

In the afternoon, Owens had close call of that nature. The pressure came from Long. The German, carried along on the wings of superhuman endeavor - the hallmark of every Reich athlete in this meet - was bounding along right at Owens' heels. He was only an inch behind the American's 7.87 meters as they went for their last three jumps.

On his second in the final, Long hit the nail exactly on the head, doing the same distance as the Ohioan and tying him for the championship as the crowd went into frenzied ecstasy of applause. But the jubilation was short-lived.

Owens came thundering down the runway and drove into space a moment later. He had taken the play away at 7.94 meters and then drove beyond Long's reach with his final jump that cemented the distinction of his becoming the first 26-footer in Olympic history. Incidentally, the German in second place also surpassed the Olympic record.

Big Medal Haul for US

The United States stole away what to date had been a distinctly German show by winning four out of five medal events today. On the third day, a crowd of 90,000 gathered for the morning preliminaries, and once again another capacity throng of 110,ooo later packed the Reich Sports Field Stadium. They came to cheer for mare German victories, but remained instead to turn their hosannas in the direction of the Americans.

The invincible Jesse Owens of Ohio won the broad jump at the Olympic record distance of 8.06 meters (26' 5 21/64"). Miss Stephens walked off with the Women's 100-meter dash final in world record time. Glenn Hardin slammed to the victory in the 400-meter hurdles, and John woodruff, a freshman from the University of Pittsburgh, gave America its first 800-meter triumph in twenty-four years.

Topping the achievement of the Star-Spangled Brigade, Owens twice broke the world 200-meter mark around the turn, as well as the Olympic standard, hitting the identical figures of 21.1 seconds in both trials.

The only championship to evade the Americans' grasp was the women's discus crown. And that went to Germany as Miss Gisela Mauermayer broke the Olympic record with a toss of 47.63 meters amid the exuberant shouts of her compatriots.

But Germany's share in the harvest was a relatively minor one. The United States closed so far ahead in the race for men's track and field championship that every one else is lapped at least a full circuit beyond.

Americans go 1-2 in 100-Meter dash

Jesse Owens won the 100-meter dash in what seemed a date with destiny. The Buckeye Bullet beat his nearest competitor, Ralph Metcalfe of Marquette University, by a single yard. The winning time of 10.3 seconds matched his time in the first round of heats.

The Americans finished 1-2 in front of 110,000 in the Reich Sports Field Stadium. The ovation they received was loud but only a whisper compared to the cheer that Karl Hein of Germany received.

Hardly a minute after Hitler had seated himself in his box, Erwin Blask of Germany unleashed a tremendous toss of 180' 6 ½", breaking Matt McGrath's Olympic Record. Hein, however, overhauled Blask with the best any Continental hammer-thrower ever has made: 185' 4 1/16" to give Germany its own 1-2 finish. The tumultuous applause was the loudest of the day.

The record breaking did not finsh with these two finals. Miss Helen Stephens of St. Louis Missouri, striding through the first heat of the women's 100-meter sprint turned in a dazzling 11.4 second run.

This was 4/10 of a second faster than Miss Stella Walsh's listed world record and 2/10 under the Missouri girl's own American record, which has yet to be accepted internationally.

To make it more emphatic, Miss Stephens slammed into the tape of the semi-final in 11.5 seconds. Miss Kaethe Krauss of Germany, in second place was carried along sufficiently by Miss Stephens' blinding speed to equal Miss Walsh's Olympic figure of 11.9 seconds.

It was a great day for sport as the United States took command of the men's track and field race for the first time with a total of 46 points to 31 ¼ for Germany and Finland's 30 ¼ points. But if one elects to score the women's tests with the men's than Germany, moving along the wings of a sport renaissance deeply rooted in nationalistic fervor, is at the head of the parade with 47 ¼ points.

German nationalism and the prejudice that seems to go with it revealed themselves somewhat disagreeably this afternoon. On the surface all was serene. The Führer apparently played no favorite. He did not publicly receive the winning Germans nor did he decide to greet decidedly non-Aryan Americans, Owens and Metcalfe.

But an investigation by some who had taken his departure yesterday to mean he did not want to shake hands with non-Aryan high jumpers, Cornelius Johnson and David Albritton. This investigation produced information which seemed collaborative. In the seclusion of his quarters under the stands the Reich's dictator did congratulate Hein and Blask, the hammer-throwers. Perhaps two and two makes four after all. If Hitler is going to avoid the African-Americans, he is going to have his work cut out for him.

From a general sporting standpoint, however, there could be no taking the play away from Owens. He left the stadium last night in the belief that he had broken the world record with his 10.2 time. But the usually efficient Germans have an annoying roundabout way of getting the news to the newspaper men and the athletes.

It was discovered this morning that Owen's new mark had been disallowed because of a following wind. Whether he or Miss Stephens will have the same experience tomorrow cannot be guessed. From the stands the breeze looked like a crosswind, but one can never tell about those things.

Owens won today because in truth he is the world's fastest human. No one ever ran a more perfect race. His start was perfect, his in-between running was perfect and his finish perfect.

The Buckeye Bullet ripped out of his starting holes as though slungby a giant catapult. He was ahead in his first stride and let the Osendarp and Wykoff battle behind him for what left of the race.

Metcalfe, hardly the best starter in the world, was off in atrocious fashion. He was sixth in the six man field in the getaway, but once in his stride he certainly moved. By sixty meters he had drawn up even with Hollander and begun to cut down the two yard advantage Owens had on him.

It was then a speed duel between the streamlined express and the old-fashioned steam engine that exuded sheer, rugged power. Metcalfe cut those two yards to one at the wire, but it was as close as he could get, losing by a yard a championship that had eluded him four years before by a hair.

Jesse Owens breaks records

Jesse Owens of Ohio is one very good runner. Here in Berlin, he is just beginning to show how good he is to the rest of the world.

During the well-attended first round heats for the 100 meter dash, he managed to break the Olympic record with a of 10.3 seconds. Then, in the afternoon he broke his own record with a 10.2 second showing. Victory for him tomorrow in the final seems to be merely his for the asking.

In the first round, the only runner who threatened was Osendarp of the Netherlands at 10.5 seconds. Then in the quarter-finals Strandberg of Sweden outsprinted the Netherlander with Wykoff placing third.

Some of the stars who were expected to do well have been eliminated. Yoshopka of Japan, Grimbeck and Theunissen of South Africa Berger of the Netherlands and Fondevilla of Argentina have all been close to the world record mark this year but did not make the final cut.

Hitler receives Olympians; snubs Americans

Miss Hilde (Tilly) Fleischer won the women's javelin throw and also broke the Olympic record. For once Germany's cup of joy was filled to overflowing.

The crowd was off to a good start in its applause of the Reich athletes when Miss Fleischer winged out the javelin on her first throw. And when she climbed to the victory pedestal she stood with arms outstretched in the Nazi salute to Hitler, tears in her eyes and a lump in her throat. To her went the distinction of being the first Olympic champion of 1936.

Chancellor Hitler himself witnessed the victories. With a group of State officials and National Socialist party leaders, including Julius Streicher, he spent the afternoon watching the games. He greeted the victors with a warm handclasp and a friendly pat on the back, while the welkin rang with the frenzied cheers of the spectators.

Americans also had great results for the day. Just as the setting sun dipped behind the concrete ramparts of the huge stadium America came in for her share of the glory. Cornelius Johnson, the kangaroo-legged Negro from California, won the high jump and in keeping with the general trend of things shattered the Olympic record too. This event was a slam for the United States, because Ave Albritton, Ohio State Negro, and Delos Thurber of Southern California took the other two medals.

But for politically minded persons in the crowd there was one rather disquieting incident connected with the march of these three Americans to the victory pedestal. The Führer had greeted all three medalists in other events -- the Germans and the Finns -- with a handclasp and words of congratulation. But five minutes before the United States jumpers moved in for the ceremony of the Olympic triumph Hitler left his box.

Johnson and Albritton are Negroes. None of the others were. Press box interpreters of this step chose to put two and two together. But there will be enough future Negro winners to warrant delaying passing judgment for the present.

- NYT

Berlin Happy & Festive

Berliners are enjoying their 16 days of Olympic fun. The Games of the XI Olympiad go on as the citizens of this beautiful city go about their lives and join in the festivities.

The mood is gay and festive. Many Berliners are enjoying themselves. It has been said that that not since the first Sunday after Armistice have Berliners been as jubilant.

Even those not in attendance, there are loudspeakers all over Berlin announcing the results of events. Clustered around many of these loudspeakers, Berliners wait to hear how their countrymen have fared.

The Germans did not have long to wait for their first Olympic Champion. Miss Fleischer provided that in the Javelin contest.

Germany also had a champion when Hans Woellke won the shot-put earlier yesterday. Woellke threw the ball 53' 1 13/16" to surpass Leo Sextons Olympic record of 52' 6 3/16".

Sula Baerlund of Finland took silver and Gerhard Stoek, another German, took bronze. Sam Francis of Nebraska finished just out of the medals and Jack Torrance, Louisiana's state record holder, was fifth. Dimitri Zaitz of Boston College finished sixth.

Lindbergh leaves Berlin without meeting Hitler

Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh ended a twelve-day stay in Germany today without having met Chancellor Hitler despite having sat almost within speaking distance of each other at the Olympic Games.

The American flyer and Mrs. Lindbergh took off quietly for Copenhagen, Denmark, after the Colonel had paid tribute to the progress of Germany's aviation industry.

After his departure, it became known that Colonel Lindbergh and Chancellor Hitler had occupied seats within feet of each other at the ceremonies yesterday. Nobody apparently made any effort to introduce them.

In American diploamatic quarters it was explained "no time coud be found that was convenient to both which to arrange the meeting".

German and American officials disclaimed knowledge of plans for any future meet of the two.

"Germany leads the world in lighter-than-air craft" Colonel Lindbergh commented to friends before his departure. "That, of course, is something we all knew before I came. I was genuinely surprised to find that Germany has thoroughly developed Diesel motors for aviation purposes.

"In this, too, she leads the world. We in America have not begun to develop and exploit Diesel motors as has Germany.

"Germany was in front before and during the war as regards heavier-than-air craft, but she naturally lost the lead on account of post-war conditions. She is coming up fast, however, and sail-planing, too, is a great art in Germany."

Colonel Lindbergh added that in general he was intensely pleased by what he had observed in Germany.

The Opening Ceremonies of the XIth Olympiad

A gray sky that threatened rain without ever really fulfilling that threat towered today over the Opening Ceremonies of the 11th Olympic Games of modern times. It was not a misfortune, because there stood out in sharper relief all the brilliant coloring of this most picturesque of ceremonies, which comes only once ever four years.

The picture against this gray background was the huge expanse of the world's newest and biggest stadium and the great throng of 110,000 that filled the gray stone benches. In the arena below, the greenest of lawns was cut by the running track of red cinders. At each end wide granite stairways leading to the skyline were broken only by the twin stone clock towers and the unadorned flagpoles.

At one side was an orchestra, reinforced by the drums and bugles of a half-dozen military bands, and above them was a choir of a thousand, all in white. At the other side a line of gray benches was broken by a square, outstanding platform, equipped with microphones for the Caesar of this era, the German Führer, and his entourage. Below that was a little forest of chairs for the Ambassadors and special envoys of nations.

As the ceremonies continued, a little girl in blue, her fair hair bound by a chaplet of flowers, came forward and, making a German curtsey, gave the Führer a bouquet of roses. He touched her hair and evidently spoke gently to her while Count Henri de Baillet-Latour took her by the hand and led her with the notables in frock coats and top hats to the Caesar's dais. The assembly remained standing still, vociferating in a chorus of "heils". The Germans in unison saluted their beloved Führer.

The bands broke into "Deutchland Uber Alles" then into the Nazi anthem, the "Horst-Wessel Song" as the notables took their places. Theodor Lewald, head of the German Olympic Committee gave up his chair of honor to the Italian Crown Prince.

On a flagpole, the Olympic Flag—white with five interlocking circles representing the five continents—was slowly raised. Outside the stadium, guns boomed.

First item on the program was the parade. The Olympic Bell tolled a deep note. The bell is inscribed with the words "I summon the youth of the world." As if to answer the bell's summons, into the stadium marched the athletes. Leading, because their country started the Olympic Games in 776 B. C., were the Greeks. Next, at the head of the German alphabetical list were the Egyptians. Loudest applause went to Austrians who gave the Nazi salute, to goose-stepping Bulgarians (who also rendered the Nazi salute to the delight of the German spectators), to a Swiss flag-bearer who did juggling tricks. English athletes got few cheers.

Next to last, the US team members saluted Realmleader Hitler by placing their straw hats over their hearts( as did the Philippines and China). The Americans were also the only country not lower their flag when passing the Führer. They kept their flag aloft proudly. An official statement published in all the newspapers, however, explained this as due to Army regulations and for public understanding in the matter.

For the Americans, the crowd shouted, whistled, clapped in unison. The American athletes were received somewhat coolly. The audience was notably subdued when they entered. Some European observers noted a noisy whistling that was suggestive of the "Bronx Cheer".

The noise soon died when the German team became visible at the Marathon Gate, where the teams entered. The bands ceased to play the march they had been playing and went in impassioned performances of "Deutschland Uber Ales" and the "Horst-Wessel Song" all over again. The German audience rose in silent attention. They did not wish for the American team to applauded.

As for the attire of the athletes, there was many an ensemble. The Americans looked crip[s in their white flannel trousers, their white shoes, dark blue blazers and straw hats with the national arms on the front of the blue hatband. The Egyptians wore red fezes above similar dress. Australia was in dark green and white. The Belgians were picturesque in all-gray flannels.

The Bermudans and Chinese wore white sun helmets, while the Colombians were clad in gray trousers and bright blue blazers. The Danes marched resplendent in rose and white. The British were bare headed but dressed otherwise in American fashion. So were the French. The Canadians were in red and white and gave the Olympic salute. The Italians wore black shirts over white trousers. The Germans were in all white. The officers in the parade who are to take part in the cavalry competitions all wore their national uniforms.

Germany provided the contingent of athletes. The United States with some 400 athletes, was the second largest, with France, Italy and Great Britain come next in order. Both Haiti and Costa Rica sent a single person apiece who also bore their flag for their respective nations. Honors in marching when wholly to the German, who moved like a great machine.

At last the Parade was ended and some 5,000 athletes from 52 nations came to rest on the green infield before the Führer, Dr. Lewald, made a 20-minute speech to introduce Herr Hitler, who, dressed in a brown uniform, had arrived an hour before. He addressed Hitler "respectfully and gratefully as the protector of these Olympic Games to be held in this stadium, built according to your will and purpose" invited him to declare them open.

Adolf Hitler stopped chatting with his good friend Cinemactress Leni Riefenstahl, official Olympic photographer, long enough to speak a racial comment. Said he: "In a few minutes, the torch bearer will appear to light the Olympic fire on his tripod, when it will rise, flaming to heaven, for the weeks of this festival. It creates a real and spiritual bond of fire between our German fatherland and the sacred places of Greece founded nearly 4,000 years ago by Nordic immigrants.

"Only so long as sport isn't allowed to become an end is itself but, on the contrary, a moral duty, only so long as it isn't merely an empty pleasure or the desire for thrills, but discipline and devotion to a higher ideal, dare it to be the object of such a festival."

After a pause, De Lewald announced that only the day before, the Olympic Committee decided to make the "Olympic Hymn" used at these games, the hymn for all future meets and expressed thanks to Richard Strauss for having created it.

At the end of Dr. Lewald speech, Herr Hitler stepped forward once more and fullfilled his sole duty of these game saying "I proclaim open the Olympic Games of Berlin, celebrating the XIth Olympiad of the modern era."

Then Trumpets sounded across the arena and 3,000 white pegeons flew into the air. A white clad chorus then sang the "Olympic Hymn". The Hinderburg flew over the stadium trailing the large white Olympic flag behind it.

Atop the staircase at the East gate appeared the last runner of the 3,000 who had relayed the Olympic Flame from Olympia in Greece. This last runner, Fritz Schilgen, scampered down the steps, paddled across the arena, trotted up the west stairs to a platform, dipped his torch. The Olympic Fire flared up from its bowl.

After the ceremony of the Olympic Torch came the Olympic Oath.The 52 flag-bearers formed a semicircle in front of the reviewing stand. German Weightlifter Rudolf Ismayr mounted a tiny rostrum, recited through amplifiers so everyone could hear: "We swear that we will take part in the Olympic Games in loyal competition, respecting the regulations which govern them and desirous of participating in them in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the honor of our country and the glory of sport." A German choir sang Handel's Hallelujah Chorus.

On the bulletin board which will proclaim the results of the competitions appeared the words of Baron de Coubertin, who revived the Olympic games in their present form:"The important thing is not to win but to take part. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought to win."

Then gnarled old Spiridon Loues, Greek shepherd and marathon runner, wearing his national costume, who won the Olympic race in 1896, wobbled out of the ranks to present Herr Hitler with an olive branch. Mr. Loues said to the Chancellor "I present to you this olive branch as a symbol of love and peace. We hope that the nations will ever meet solely in such peaceful competition. Hitler receiving it with obvious emotion, thanked him heartily and shook hands with him. Handel's "Hallelujah Chorus" resounded once more and brought the ceremony to a close and the athletes marched slowly out.

As for the performance, written by Dr. Carl Diem, secretary of the Olympic Organization Committee. There had been a request from Baron de Coubertin to include Beethoven's Ninth Symphony which includes a musical setting for Friedrich von Schiller's stirring "Ode to Joy". Dr. Diem went further and wrote a pageant in five acts on the romantic theme of youth.

The first scene opened just after nightfall. No performers appeared at first. There were seen only two great choruses grouped in the shadows. From the tower above Marathon Gate were first heard the trumpets playing the "Welcome Song".

Then entered 3,000 little girls in white dresses and 900 boys in Olympic colors, from whose masses came the faint notes of glass chimes. The children danced finally forming the Olympic flag.

Then the chimes of the Potsdam Church, where Frederick the Great is buried were heard and the two choirs sang a hymn titled "Eternal Olympia" This was composed for the occasion by the German musician Werner Egk.

Following the children, came 2,000 older girls who danced as a chorus to a solo waltz by Talutta. Five hundred more girls from a noted gymnastics school then gave a demonstration of rhythmic dancing until "The Voice of the Mother" summoned them to be serious, and chorus answered in unison.

The next scene showed groups of boys from various nations engaging in games about a series of bonfires until the fires were hurried away, and the boys disappeared at the blast of a trumpet. Then the spotlights were concentrated on the ceremonial steps leading down into the stadium from Marathon Gate.

A group of 1,200 youths descended these stairs carrying silken flags of all nations. Swiss flag bearers gave a demonstration of their art of flag swinging. Then, when the flag bearers all had descended into the stadium, they raised their hands in the Olympic salute and with the chorus sang a hymn.

A sword dance followed in which both dancers died in rhythmic agony. The moral of this scene was supposedly that modern war destroys the visitor and the vanquished. After that 80 girls danced the "Dance of the Mourners".

But this led to the first bars of the 4th and final movement of Beethoven's cherished Ninth Symphony. A voice was heard reciting Schiller's famous poem. A chorus of 1,000 voices joined in. The 6,000 performers who had taken part in the previous scenes streamed into the field, joined hands and embraced. The flags of the nations taking part in the games were raised around the stadium. Lighted torches formed a ring of fire about its outer edge and the searchlights were thrown onto the 1,200 flags of nations which reappeared on the field as a signal the pageant was over.

During the day Hitler was subjected to continuous ovations. I nthe newly paved square in front of the Chancellory, in the Wilhelmstrausse, thousands stood for hours ot cheer him. Again and again he had to appear on the balcony overlooking the square to wave responses to the frenzied adulation.

Biggest and noisiest in history, the 1936 Olympics are scheduled to last for 16 days. Five thousand athletes from 50 countries will compete in 22 sports, watched by 3,500,000 spectators, recorded by 1,500 reporters. To accommodate all this, Berlin, cheated of the 1916 Olympics by the War, spent $24,000,000 on municipal improvements; a 325-acre Reichssportfeld including four stadiums, an outdoor theatre, basketball courts, pools, a polo field, a gymnasium; and an Olympic Village conveniently close to Staaken Airport which can use it for barracks when the Games are over.

The Olympics open in Berlin

Yesterday, Germany and the rest of the world celebrated the opening of the Olympics. The world took a few hours out of the tension of fascism and civil war to enjoy the opening ceremony in Berlin's Olympic Stadium, built just for this spectacle.

Questions of whether Jewish athletes would be treated fairly have been around since Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Power ascended to power in early 1933. The United States debated whether to boycott the games three years ago. President Roosevelt dismissed this and demanded that the United States participate in the games. He remarked that it was traditional that the United States was beyond external influence. He would not allow the German political differences to influence the participation of American athletes in the greatest sporting spectacle of the Globe. Many doubts and questions still linger for much of the world.

There have been reports and photos of signs informing Jews of prohibitions. These signs were not to be seen throughout Germany. The Nazi authorities may have taken them down for an International audience that does not favor the Nazi beliefs against Jews and the International Jewry itself.

Tokyo to host 1940 Olympics

The Japanese public was woken today when at 6 AM, there was a radio announcement to inform them Tokyo had been selected to host the next Olympics in 1940. The result gives the Japanese enormous pleasure. The Japanese people have become one of the world's most sport-minded people in the last twenty years.

Yesterday, the International Olympic Committee voted to award the 12th Olympic Games to Tokyo. The runner up was Helskinki, Finland.

The Mayor of Tokyo will launch an elaborate program of municipal festivities to express the citizens' joy and incidentally whip up enthusiasm for the great effort to give Tokyo the latest and finest equipment.

Potential champions are already training. last night, despite temperature of 96°F and a humidity correspondingly high, a crowd of youths were practicing not just track events but javelin and discus throwing as well.

Plans for enlarging sports accommodations at a cost of ¥10,000,000 already exist as blueprints. The existing track and field stadium will be enlarged so that it will seat 120,000. A new playing field, seating 50,000 will be built, and a swimming pool accommodating 30,000 spectators is to be provided.

An entirely new Equestrian Track will be constructed in a Tokyo suburb in addition to a new indoor arena for boxing and wrestling. The yachting contests will be held off Yokohama and a new regatta course is being prepared there. A purely native addition will be a display of Japanese fencing, wrestling and archery.

An Olympic Village will be constructed in Tanagawa, thirty minutes from the city.

The Games are scheduled to run from July 20th through August 4th, 1940. The 11th Olympics open today in Berlin.

Italy & Germany for Franco

Italy and Germany have both voiced support for General Franco and his Fascist forces. Each will be shipping arms to the rebels to help with their struggle against the Republican government and the Monarchy.

Another Government in Spain

Swiftly changing governmental hands, José Giral y Pereira has also been asked to form a government by President Azaña within hours of asking Diego Martínez y Barrio to do the same. Yesterday, July 19th, Martínez y Barrio was unable to make any progress in the formation of a government. The President therefore, decided that time was not something they had on their side as rebellion continues.

One of Giral y Pereira's first orders as head of government was to issue arms to the general populace.

Seville, one of the most important cities in the south, is unsuccessfully defended by local police troops and a poorly armed workers' militia. While the heaviest weapons police possess are machine guns, the rebel General Queipo de Llano sends in artillery and heavily armed troops. Seville falls to the rebels.

Prime Minister Quiroga resigns

General Franco arrived in Tetuán, Spanish Morocco in Northern Africa, where he will lead the rebels in their revolt against the Spanish government.

Prime Minister Casares Quiroga resigns as chief of the Republican government. President Azaña is left scrambling. Diego Martínez y Barrio has been asked to fill the position. He will no doubt establish a government as best he can.

Rebels take Southern Spain

In high good humor the Moroccan rebels launched their invasion of Spain proper. A troopship loaded with Legionnaires put in at Algeciras near Gibraltar. A rebel torpedo boat shelled the undecided garrison at La Linea, which thereupon joined the revolt. But when La Linea citizens, watching black Moorish troops march into barracks, refused to disperse, the Moors mowed them down with machine guns, blasted them with hand grenades, left La Linea's streets littered with dead. In thousands of commandeered cars, the rebels pushed north, fanning out along the railroads leading toward Madrid.

Manifestoed General Franco from Morocco: "Spain is saved! The Provinces of Andalusia, Valencia, Valladolid, Burgos, Aragon, the Canaries and the Balearic Islands, with their garrisons and civil forces, have joined enthusiastically with us. Only Madrid made an exception in sending its planes to bombard cities and towns without defense, killing women and children. . . . We will demand accounts from them as well as from those still on the fence. . . ."

Spain, however, was by no means saved for General Franco. What he needed most were Madrid and Barcelona. In both cities rebel regiments were shelled into surrender by loyal artillery and planes. The loyal Warship Cervantes sent shells whistling into Cádiz where a body of rebel troops had landed. Loyalists were further heartened by a report that General Franco had lost courage and radioed for a seaplane in which to flee.

The Government's arming of a "Red militia" of workers was what definitely took this week's revolt out of the traditional formula of Latin coups d'état and put it into the class of Russia's revolution of 1917. Last week 6,000 tough Asturian miners marched down from the North to Madrid's assistance, as the Army rebels marched up from the South. Declared the Spanish Government: "Spanish citizens! The movement in insurrection has been subjugated absolutely and it is necessary not to lose the fight."

Further Details of the Uprising in Morocco

In this sultry, tense atmosphere, some Socialists last week leaned out of their headquarters windows in the North African garrison town of Melilla in Spanish Morocco and brashly booed a regiment of the famed Spanish Foreign Legion, marching home from drill. The Legionnaires broke ranks, threw the Socialists out their own windows. At this a huge revolt, carefully planned, erupted into plain view and silence descended on Spain.

General Francisco Franco Bahamonde deserted his post on the Canary Islands, hastened to Melilla, took charge of some 20,000 rebellious Legionnaires, regulars and Moorish native troops. Within a day the rebels controlled all Spanish Morocco, a 200-mile strip of coast across from Gibraltar. When they began broadcasting from the Ceuta radio station, pretending to be the Seville station, announcing the surrender of Madrid to the rebels, sympathetic Army garrisons throughout European Spain joined the revolt. They were defeated in Barcelona and Seville but seized the southern ports of Cádiz and Málaga for a landing by the Moroccan rebels, skirmished in Burgos, Pamplona, Valladolid and Zaragoza. Government planes soared over strongholds dropping, first bombs, then leaflets urging soldiers to rebel against their rebellious officers.

General Franco declares Spain in a "state of war"

The Spanish Foreign Legion continues to rebel in Spanish Morocco on Northern Africa. They hold the territory.

Rebels made considerable headway in Spain itself today. Fighting erupted in Spain and Pamplona, Zaragoza, Oviedo, Salamanca, Segovia, Ávila and Cadiz rest in rebel hands tonight.

General Francisco Franco, from the Canary Islands, made a pronouncement over the radio, that Spain was in a "state of war". His pronunciamiento came within hours of the uprising in Morocco which only strengthens the belief that he is leading this revolt despite his geographic misplacement.

What set it off was the brutal murder early last week of the leader of the Spanish monarchists, able, eloquent Deputy José Calvo Sotelo, onetime Minister of Finance under the late Dictator Primo de Rivera. Calvo had just notified the Government that he planned to interpellate it next day on the riots. Assault Guardsmen called on Calvo with a warrant, took him off in their police car, dumped his body, shot, mangled and bashed, at Madrid's Municipal Cemetery.

Premier Santiago Casares Quiroga promptly suspended Parliament for eight days, and all the Monarchist Deputies swore never to return. Unwisely the Government refused to allow Calvo's body to lie in state anywhere, barred a mob of 30,000 Rightists from the cemetery where he was being buried. When the crowd gave the Fascist shout, "Up Spain!" Assault Guardsmen fired, killed five, wounded three. Forehanded, President Manuel Azaña ordered the Army and Civil Guards mobilized in quarters, ordered a roundup of Rightist leaders, jammed them into jails. Talkative Rightists had begun telling about a great Army revolt that was due any day and that was to have set up José Calvo Sotelo as President of Spain.

Violence erupts in Morocco

Spanish Legionnaires posted in Spanish-held Morocco rose up earlier today in a wave a violence. The Spanish Foreign Legion posted in Africa have imprisoned General Gomez and murdered General Manuel Morales, sources report. Rebellion and fighting continue throughout Spanish Morocco.

General Fancisco Franco, whom some believe is involved in the Army uprising in Spanish Morocco is in the Canary Islands.

Spain itself has been having deep political and economic problems.

zsdg

Great Britain unconcerned with Rhineland

Great Britain seems to be fairly unconcerned with Germany's military moving back into the Rhineland. Lord Lothian stated that is was no more than the Germans walking into their own backyard.

Thus far there have been no rallies or protests by the public against the German action. Also, it appears the House of Commons is pro-German. However, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin noted that the House is really just afraid of war. With the worldwide depression, Great Britain lacks the resources to engage in a war with Germany.

France is Bankrupt

Today, Wilfrid Baumgartner, the director of the Mouvement général des fonds, reported to the government that France for all intents and purposes was bankrupt.

France has been struggling financially since the end of last year. The franc has slid so much in the past few months that the government is nearly depleted. The country is in dire need as so many other countries in the world today, of a line of credit to stay afloat.

This development rules out and action France might take against Germany's remilitarization of the Rhineland and its repeated violations of the Treaty of Versailles.

Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland

Earlier today, Hitler ordered troops to enter the Rhineland. The Rhineland is an western area in Germany that borders France.

Just as much of the German violations of the Treaty of Versailles, it has met little in the way of opposition. In fact, the Western Powers have done nothing.

Poland has proposed putting the Franco-Polish Military Alliance into action but nothing has come of it.

Early this morning, nineteen German infantry battalions and a handful of planes entered the Rhineland and made the River Rhine by 11 AM local time.

French troops have congregated on the Franco-German border but none have crossed the border itself.

Police order to arrest Anti-Semitic Instigators

Despite the rise in Anti-Semitic rhetoric and passions on continental Europe, cooler heads prevail in England. Yesterday, London police were ordered to arrest any Anti-Semitic agitators. This effectively destroys any chance for ferment of Anti-Semitic feelings in England. It would also make it increasingly difficult for these nationalist groups to prosper in jolly old England.

House passes Neutrality Extension

Only twenty minutes of debate on each side was allowed in the House. Questions and amendments were prohibited under the specific gag rule. The vote was 353 to 27.

In the Senate, the act has been delayed. Chairman Pittman of the Foreign Relations Committee attempted to obtain consideration of the resolution today, but finally agreed to put it off until 11 AM tomorrow. Senators McNary and Vandenberg asked for postponement due to the absence of Neautrality Act opponents Clark and Nye.

Memebers of both Houses have explained that haste is necessary because of the arms embargo provisions of the existing law expire on February 29th.

During the twenty minutes allotted, seven Representatives shared the time to debate against the resolution. Representative Maas of Minnesota called the measure a "dangerous bill".

Representative Robison of Kentucky "as a sincere advocate of peace" protested against the passage of the resolution. He said that it would delegate the war-making power to the President, and urged that it be kept in the hands of Congress "where it belongs".

After this, the House will allow ten days to consideration of the Navy and Army Appropriation Bills.

Neutrality Act Extension to go back to Congress

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee unanimously recommended to the Senate today the extension, with only minor modifications, of the existing Neutrality Act until May 1, 1937. The move was made with the intent of shelving further neutrality discussion at this session of Congress.

Representative Kloeb of Ohio introduced a parallel measure in the House, and said he would ask the Foreign Affairs Committee to report it favorably as soon as possible. It is apparent the administration is working to push the extension through congress before the February 29th expiration.

Secretary Hull also noted that the administration would not oppose the dropping of its own neutrality proposal.

Senator Clark opposes the plan of putting consideration of a permanent neutrality policy over to the next session of Congress. He plans to amend the Pittman continuing resolution so that the present temporary plan would extended for only a matter of 60 days.

He noted that just because its an election year and members are involved in their respective campaigns, for action to be deferred.

Senator Johnson also has commented that many people are mistaken about the virtue of the neutrality act. He believes that the act would likely involved the nation in another war rather than keep us out.

War could cost $10 Billion a year, War Department estimates

The United States War Department released an estimate of costs should the US become involed in another war. Colonel Charles T. Harris, director of the planning branch of the War Department spoke about this last night.

Colonel Harris predicted that if war should erupt, the plans which have been prepared by the War Department would enable the mobilization of industry much more efficiently and rapidly, and with far less profiteering than was case in the World War.

Of course he did say that it would be necessary to gurantee the industry "a modest, fair profit" in undertaking tasks the costs of shich could not be accurately estimated in advance.

Among the necessary industrial controls he listed the powers of price fixing, of assigning priorities, the power of the commander, the power to requisition, the power to license industries, and the power to conserve necessary materials and avoid waste. Of the last power he said "It is necessary to cut the cuff a man's trousers to save materials, we'll do so."

Colonel Harris estimated that approximately half of the War Department's expenditure would be primarily commercial purposes such as food and clothing and half for munitions and explosives. He said that the department's experts had already surveyed 20,000 manufacturers and allocated war tasks to 12,000.

Although the United States is unquestionably the most favored nation in the world in the amount and variety of its raw materials, it would be seriously lacking in many strategic materials, such as manganese, tin, nickel, chromium, quinine and hemp, he said.

"In these days, when there's talk of embargoes, sanctions, neutrality acts, that's worth thinking about," he remarked.

Captain W.S. Bruberg of the Ordinance Department said that since the World War the US has assumed "the practically undisputed leadership in ordinance design throughout the world," although it was forced to rely on its allies for most of the ordinance designs in the World War.