Showing posts with label Treaty of Versailles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Treaty of Versailles. Show all posts

Monday, December 1, 2008

Great Britain picks up the pace

Rearmament has been in progress for several months now. The British government announced today that it would be quickening the pace in the coming weeks.

Despite Chamberlain's assurance "Peace for our Time", it appears the British are not so assured after all. However, it may be noted that it was initiated due to Germany's illegal presence in the Rhineland and its own surge in military building and manufacturing.

Sunday, October 26, 2008

Lipski leaves Bertesgaden

Polish Ambassador Józef Lipski and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Robbentrop have had their meeting in the mountain retreat at Bertesgaden. Ambassador Lipski left yesterday after the one day meeting. The topic of discussion was indeed the Free City of Danzig. Ribbentrop demanded that Poland agree to Germany's annexation of the Free City of Danzig. Lipski refused.

The Free City of Danzig is administered by the League of Nations in accordance with the stipulation in Part III, Section XI of the Treaty of Versaille in 1919. Citizens of Danzig opposed this at the time.

Saturday, October 25, 2008

Lipski meeting with Ribbentrop

Polish Ambassador to Germany, Józef Lipski, travelled to Bertesgaden yesterday to meet with German Foreign Minister Joachim Ribbentop. The topic of discussion is reportedly the Free City of Danzig.

The Free City of Danzig, a Baltic Sea port,
was created on 10 January 1920, against the wishes of the local population but in accordance with the terms of Part III, Section XI of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

The Free City includes the city of Danzig and over two hundred nearby towns, villages, and settlements, all of which had been a part of the former German Empire. As the League of Nations decreed, the region is to remain separate from the nation of Germany, as well as the newly-resurrected nation of Poland. The Free City is not autonomous; it is under League of Nations "protection" and put into a binding customs union with Poland.

Poland also has other, special utilization rights towards the city. A peninsula, Westerplatte, is a munitions dumping ground as well as a military post. Poland also has a Post Office there and other support services.

Yesterday, October 24 is also the 17th anniversary of the Treaty of Warsaw.

Wednesday, May 14, 2008

Chemical Weapons Ban

The League of Nations adopted a resolution today against the use of chemical weapons as used by Japan in its Chinese campaign. The resolution backs up Article 171 of the Treaty of Versailles and Article V of the Treaty in Relation to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare. It has recently come to attention that the Japanese have used poison gas against the Chinese in Northern China.

Thursday, March 13, 2008

Blumenkrieg

The Austrian Legislature has voted to give the measure full affect today.

Reports that Germany's 8th Army of the Wehrmacht had no need to fire a single bullet have been confirmed. Austrians have generally celebrated the arrival of the German Army. It is being hailed as the Blumenkreig, or, the War of Flowers.

The representatives of the Holy See in Austria have had a more difficult time with this upheaval. Yesterday, March 12th, Cardinal Innitzer said "The Viennese Catholics should thank the Lord for the bloodless way this great political change has occurred, and they should pray for a great future for Austria. Needless to say, everyone should obey the orders of the new institutions." Many other Austrian bishops followed suit.

Vatican Radio was quick to respond with Cardinal Pacelli, the Vatican Secretary of State, commanded Innitzer report to Rome immediately. Reports have it that he may have to sign a statement retracting his previous statement. If so, the other bishops will have to no doubt, do the same.

So far, response from France and Great Britain has been moderate. Both France and Great Britain have filed protests against Germany's actions. These are little more than formalities. France has ignored many of Hitler's violations of the Treaty of Versailles. He has thus far exceeded the quota of 100 planes established in the treaty. A zone extending 50 km east of the Rhine River was specified in the Treaty to be demilitarized. There are to be no installations on this side of the river. On the western side of the same river, Allied troops were to remain in a zone for 15 years. Hitler has moved 3 battalions into this Demilitarized Zone in 1936.

In the United States, an article in the New York Times likened this event to Scotland and England joining centuries before.

Thursday, January 17, 2008

Banns on traffic in Kaiser-Wilhem Canal

Germany has banned foreign warships from the Kaiser-Wilhelm Canal today. It was effective immediately.

The Canal is located in the Schlewig-Holstein province of extreme northern Germany. The canal links the North Sea at Brunsbüttel with the Baltic Sea Kiel-
Holtenau. The Canal is a boon to shipping in the the North Sea Region. It saves 460 kilometers in length of voyage for ships. Ships can avoid having to sail completely around the Jutland.

The Canal was given International Status in the Treaty of Versailles. However, Germany's Chacnellor Hitler repudiated this in 1936.

Sunday, April 1, 2007

South Africa says no to Germany

Exactly two months ago, Hitler demanded the return of all former German colonies. South Africa though has replied a very resounding refusal.

The particular land that this affects is the former German South-West Africa which is now under British Mandate. Germany referred to this land as Deutsch-Südwestafrika.

In 1920, the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of its colonial territories.

Tuesday, January 30, 2007

Hitler demands return of German Colonies

Chancellor Adolf Hitler of Germany demanded the return of former German Colonial Territories.

After the Great War and the Treaty of Versailles, German colonies were dispersed among the French and British. Among these lands was some territory in Africa, China and the Pacific Ocean.

This affects these lands in Africa:

Kamerun, Togoland, Tanganyika, Rwanda-Urundi, Wituland in Kenya, German South West Africa which is now a British Mandate.

In the Pacific:

Bougaineville, the Maraiana Islands, the Marshall Islands, the Caroline Islands, the Northern Soloman Islands, Part of New Guinea, Samoa and Nauru.

In China:

Jiaozhou Bay and Chefu

Thursday, August 3, 2006

Lindbergh leaves Berlin without meeting Hitler

Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh ended a twelve-day stay in Germany today without having met Chancellor Hitler despite having sat almost within speaking distance of each other at the Olympic Games.

The American flyer and Mrs. Lindbergh took off quietly for Copenhagen, Denmark, after the Colonel had paid tribute to the progress of Germany's aviation industry.

After his departure, it became known that Colonel Lindbergh and Chancellor Hitler had occupied seats within feet of each other at the ceremonies yesterday. Nobody apparently made any effort to introduce them.

In American diploamatic quarters it was explained "no time coud be found that was convenient to both which to arrange the meeting".

German and American officials disclaimed knowledge of plans for any future meet of the two.

"Germany leads the world in lighter-than-air craft" Colonel Lindbergh commented to friends before his departure. "That, of course, is something we all knew before I came. I was genuinely surprised to find that Germany has thoroughly developed Diesel motors for aviation purposes.

"In this, too, she leads the world. We in America have not begun to develop and exploit Diesel motors as has Germany.

"Germany was in front before and during the war as regards heavier-than-air craft, but she naturally lost the lead on account of post-war conditions. She is coming up fast, however, and sail-planing, too, is a great art in Germany."

Colonel Lindbergh added that in general he was intensely pleased by what he had observed in Germany.

Tuesday, March 7, 2006

Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland

Earlier today, Hitler ordered troops to enter the Rhineland. The Rhineland is an western area in Germany that borders France.

Just as much of the German violations of the Treaty of Versailles, it has met little in the way of opposition. In fact, the Western Powers have done nothing.

Poland has proposed putting the Franco-Polish Military Alliance into action but nothing has come of it.

Early this morning, nineteen German infantry battalions and a handful of planes entered the Rhineland and made the River Rhine by 11 AM local time.

French troops have congregated on the Franco-German border but none have crossed the border itself.

Thursday, September 1, 2005

President signs Neutrality Act

Congress passed the neutrality act and the President signed it yesterday.

The act would prohibit sales of arms and materials to any party if war should break out in Europe. It also stipulates that American citizen travelling does so at his or her own risk.

President Roosevelt said that the new law would require American vessels to obtain a license to carry arms, would restrict Americans from sailing on ships from hostile nations and would impose an embargo on the sale of arms to "belligerent" nations.

It provides the strongest language yet warning other countries that the U.S. would increase its patrol of foreign submarines lurking in American waters. This stated neutrality is mostly a response to Germany's insistence on rebuilding her forces despite the Treaty of Versailles prohibiting such.

The President lobbied congress for the Executive ability to impose economic sanctions on nations at the Presidential discretion. Congress did not take this option and has chosen a complete neutrality.

The act will expire in six months on February 29th.

Thursday, June 2, 2005

Britain talks to Germany

After Germany began to re-militarize, nothing but official protests came from the Western European powers of Great Britain and France. It appears the are less concerned with the military restrictions within the Treaty of Versailles than economic ones in the form of reparations. It is these reparations that Germany has been burdened with that has led to political upheaval with the cash strapped Germany.

Great Britain has had many who have believed that the restrictions placed on Germany were too harsh. They were the ones that France, a country that suffered greatly during the Great War, had pressured the other allies for during the Peace talks after armistice.

As such, the British have elected to talk to Germany about their military situation. Joachim von Ribbentrop, formerly a champaigne businessman, has arrived in London today to discuss the details of an agreement between the two nations. More as this story develops.

Saturday, May 21, 2005

Hitler defines German Naval future

Chancellor Hitler, in a speech in Berlin today, made overtures toward discussing German militarization with Great Britain. He said "The German Reich government recognizes of itself the overwhelming importance for existence and thereby the justification of dominance at sea to protect the British Empire, just as, on the other hand, we are determined to do everything necessary in protection of our own continental existence and freedom".

In the speech he also noted that Germany has no intentions of returning to the Naval Arms Race that dominated the Atlantic ocean in the years proceeding 1914 and the outbreak of the Great War. The speech carried an air of quid pro quo. The Germans would like to assume a superiority of the continental Europe while offering their respect of Great Britain's mastery of the seas.

Saturday, March 26, 2005

Simon visits Hitler

Sir John Simon, the British Foreign Secretary, is in Germany today to speak with Chacellor Hitler of that country's efforts to re-arm. Though this is a violation of the Treaty of Versailles, there seems to be room for diplomatic wrangling.

Recently, Hitler has declared that all articles in the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany's militarization have been rejected. As a completely new government than the one that signed the Treaty, this is possible. However, it is quite unusual.

Thursday, March 17, 2005

Germany violates Treaty of Versailles

In clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's Chancellor Adolf Hitler has ordered the rearmament of Germany. Germany was limited to only 100,000 men in its armed forces with even fewer arms. Military Conscription was also reintroduced to facilitate a better military.

Thursday, March 10, 2005

Germany's Air Force

Yesterday, Germany announced the existence of the Luftwaffe. Unofficially, this has been known since February 26th.

In clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the government of Germany has been producing planes for two years. There has been no reaction from Great Britain or France.

At this time, Great War Ace Pilot and President Hermann Göring is the Minister and Oberbefehlshaber of the Luftwaffe.

Monday, January 17, 2005

Saarland plebiscite approved

The League Council, a committee within the League of Nations, has voted today to approve the recent plebiscite that occurred in the Saarland.

The people of the Saarland voted overwhelmingly to reunite with Germany and end the mandate. The French government will no longer administer to the region.

Thursday, January 13, 2005

Plebiscite in the Saarland today

The Saarland, in Southwest Germany, has been occupied by the French since 1920. This is a 15-year mandate, part of the Treaty of Versailles.

Despite the French Occupation, the area is highly populated by ethnic Germans. In the past two years, the local anti-Nazi political organizations have either fled or dissolved. Many that oppose the Nazis would like to see the Saarland remain under French administration.

But it will be up to the people of the Saarland. They can vote today for their future.

Tuesday, January 27, 2004

German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact

Poland and Germany signed a 10-year Non-Aggression Treaty yesterday.

Both Countries have been aggressive toward each other following the Treaty of Versailles. There has actually been a customs war going between the two for some time.

This pact effectively normalizes relations between the two. It also ends the disputes on the border.

Previously, in October, it was reported in French newspapers that the Polish Embassy in Paris, had been offering to both France and Belgium, to wage a pre-emptive war against Germany and Hitler. Nothing came of this obviously.

The Text of the Agreement translated into English:

The German Government and the Polish Government consider that the time has come to introduce a new phase in the political relations between Germany and Poland by a direct understanding between State and State. They have, therefore, decided to lay down the principles for the future development of these relations in the present declaration.

The two Governments base their action on the fact that the maintenance and guarantee of a lasting peace between their countries is an essential pre-condition for the general peace of Europe.

They have therefore decided to base their mutual relations on the principles laid down in the Pact of Paris of the 17th August, 1928, and propose to define more exactly the application of these principles in so far as the relations between Germany and Poland are concerned.

Each of the two Governments, therefore, lays it down that the international obligations undertaken by it towards a third party do not hinder the peaceful development of their mutual relations, do not conflict with the present declaration, and are not affected by this declaration. They establish, moreover, that this declaration does not extend to those questions which under international law are to be regarded exclusively as the internal concern of one of the two States.

Both Governments announce their intention to settle directly all questions of whatever sort which concern their mutual relations.

Should any disputes arise between them and agreement thereon not be reached by direct negotiation, they will in each particular case, on the basis of mutual agreement, seek a solution by other peaceful means, without prejudice to the possibility of applying, if necessary, those methods of procedure in which provision is made for such cases in other agreements in force between them. In no circumstances, however, will they proceed to the application of force for the purpose of reaching a decision in such disputes.

The guarantee of peace created by these principles will facilitate the great task of both Governments of finding a solution for problems of political, economic and social kinds, based on a just and fair adjustment of the interests of both parties.

Both Governments are convinced that the relations between their countries will in this manner develop fruitfully, and will lead to the establishment of a neighbourly relationship which will contribute to the well-being not only of both their countries, but of the other peoples of Europe as well.

The present declaration shall be ratified, and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Warsaw as soon as possible.

The declaration is valid for a period of ten years, reckoned from the day of the exchange of the instruments of ratification.

If the declaration is not denounced by one of the two Governments six months before the expiration of this period, it will continue in force, but can then be denounced by either Government at any time on notice of six months being given. Made in duplicate in the German and Polish languages.

Berlin, January 26, 1934.
For the German Government:
FREIHERR VON NEURATH.
For the Polish Government
JOSEF LIPSKI.

Monday, January 1, 2001

The Nazi Party 25 Points

The 25 Points of Hitler's Nazi Party

1 We demand the union of all Germans in a Great Germany on the basis of the principle of self-determination of all peoples.
2 We demand that the German people have rights equal to those of other nations; and that the Peace Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain shall be abrogated.
3 We demand land and territory (colonies) for the maintenance of our people and the settlement of our surplus population.
4 Only those who are our fellow countrymen can become citizens. Only those who have German blood, regardless of creed, can be our countrymen. Hence no Jew can be a countryman.
5 Those who are not citizens must live in Germany as foreigners and must be subject to the law of aliens.
6 The right to choose the government and determine the laws of the State shall belong only to citizens. We therefore demand that no public office, of whatever nature, whether in the central government, the province, or the municipality, shall be held by anyone who is not a citizen.
We wage war against the corrupt parliamentary administration whereby men are appointed to posts by favour of the party without regard to character and fitness.7 We demand that the State shall above all undertake to ensure that every citizen shall have the possibility of living decently and earning a livelihood. If it should not be possible to feed the whole population, then aliens (non-citizens) must be expelled from the Reich.
8 Any further immigration of non-Germans must be prevented. We demand that all non-Germans who have entered Germany since August 2, 1914, shall be compelled to leave the Reich immediately.
9 All citizens must possess equal rights and duties.
10 The first duty of every citizen must be to work mentally or physically. No individual shall do any work that offends against the interest of the community to the benefit of all.
Therefore we demand: 11 That all unearned income, and all income that does not arise from work, be abolished.
12 Since every war imposes on the people fearful sacrifices in blood and treasure, all personal profit arising from the war must be regarded as treason to the people. We therefore demand the total confiscation of all war profits.
13 We demand the nationalization of all trusts.
14 We demand profit-sharing in large industries.
15 We demand a generous increase in old-age pensions.
16 We demand the creation and maintenance of a sound middle-class, the immediate communalisation of large stores which will be rented cheaply to small trades people, and the strongest consideration must be given to ensure that small traders shall deliver the supplies needed by the State, the provinces and municipalities.
17 We demand an agrarian reform in accordance with our national requirements, and the enactment of a law to expropriate the owners without compensation of any land needed for the common purpose. The abolition of ground rents, and the prohibition of all speculation in land.
18 We demand that ruthless war be waged against those who work to the injury of the common welfare. Traitors, usurers, profiteers, etc., are to be punished with death, regardless of creed or race.
19 We demand that Roman law, which serves a materialist ordering of the world, be replaced by German common law.
20 In order to make it possible for every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education, and thus the opportunity to reach into positions of leadership, the State must assume the responsibility of organizing thoroughly the entire cultural system of the people. The curricula of all educational establishments shall be adapted to practical life. The conception of the State Idea (science of citizenship) must be taught in the schools from the very beginning. We demand that specially talented children of poor parents, whatever their station or occupation, be educated at the expense of the State.
21 The State has the duty to help raise the standard of national health by providing maternity welfare centres, by prohibiting juvenile labour, by increasing physical fitness through the introduction of compulsory games and gymnastics, and by the greatest possible encouragement of associations concerned with the physical education of the young.
22 We demand the abolition of the regular army and the creation of a national (folk) army.
23 We demand that there be a legal campaign against those who propagate deliberate political lies and disseminate them through the press. In order to make possible the creation of a German press, we demand:
(a) All editors and their assistants on newspapers published in the German language shall be German citizens.
(b) Non-German newspapers shall only be published with the express permission of the State. They must not be published in the German language.
(c) All financial interests in or in any way affecting German newspapers shall be forbidden to non-Germans by law, and we demand that the punishment for transgressing this law be the immediate suppression of the newspaper and the expulsion of the non-Germans from the Reich.
Newspapers transgressing against the common welfare shall be suppressed. We demand legal action against those tendencies in art and literature that have a disruptive influence upon the life of our folk, and that any organizations that offend against the foregoing demands shall be dissolved. 24 We demand freedom for all religious faiths in the state, insofar as they do not endanger its existence or offend the moral and ethical sense of the Germanic race.
The party as such represents the point of view of a positive Christianity without binding itself to any one particular confession. It fights against the Jewish materialist spirit within and without, and is convinced that a lasting recovery of our folk can only come about from within on the principle:
COMMON GOOD BEFORE INDIVIDUAL GOOD
25 In order to carry out this program we demand: the creation of a strong central authority in the State, the unconditional authority by the political central parliament of the whole State and all its organizations.
The formation of professional committees and of committees representing the several estates of the realm, to ensure that the laws promulgated by the central authority shall be carried out by the federal states.
The leaders of the party undertake to promote the execution of the foregoing points at all costs, if necessary at the sacrifice of their own lives.